Philosophy Lectures Volume 1

Author: (German) Hegel He Lin Wang Taiqing
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 1959-09-01
Features: Postscript: This translation is based on the seventeenth volume of the German edition of "Hegel's Complete Works" (reprinted in 1928 by Hermann Glockner to commemorate the centennial of Hegel's death), which is hereinafter referred to as the Glockner edition. The Glockner edition was, in turn, reprinted based on the Michaelis edition. The Michaelis (Karl Ludwig Michaelis) edition was compiled from three manuscripts and outlines of Hegel's lectures on the history of philosophy, as well as three student notes, and was published in 1833. Its volume is also the German edition of "Hegel's Complete Works," hereinafter referred to as the Michaelis edition. Additionally, we referred to the English translation of Hegel's "History of Philosophy" by translator ESHaldane, published in 1892. Haldane's English translation was based on the revised German second edition of 1840. However, we did not obtain the original German second edition of Michaelis. Glockner reprinted based on the Michaelis edition, not the second edition, and we translated based on the Glockner edition, using the English translation as a reference, because the edition has some advantages over the second edition. The edition is slightly longer than the second edition, contains more substantial material, and is closer to Hegel's original lecture wording, as it records and preserves even the off-the-cuff remarks Hegel inserted into his lectures. The second edition was heavily edited by the compiler Michaelis, with better organization or smoother text, but it deviates slightly from the original lecture form. Moreover, it is particularly important that the "History of Philosophy" read and annotated by Engels and Lenin was the Michaelis edition, not the second edition. Although the two editions differ significantly in organization, their content is basically the same. When translating based on the Glockner edition, we found some omissions or unclear points, and the English translation provided some assistance. It must be noted that the English translation has many errors, especially in the sections on Eastern philosophy and places where the philosophical significance is profound. The page numbers of the German original (Michaelis edition, vol. 13) printed in the margins of the Chinese translation correspond to the page numbers cited in Lenin's "Philosophical Notes." Additionally, we referred to the 1940 edition of Hegel's "History of Philosophy" volume by Johannes H?ffmeister, which was completely reorganized based on original materials. The H?ffmeister edition separately printed Hegel's manuscripts from his Heidelberg and Berlin periods (primarily the introduction) and outlines, while also extensively collecting twelve student notes on Hegel's "History of Philosophy" from libraries around the world (one from the Leningrad Library, one from the Polish Library, and an outline manuscript copied from the Harvard University Library in the United States), arranging them, and marking the chronological order. Because Hegel delivered the "History of Philosophy" nine times in his life, up to 1830 (he began delivering the tenth lecture in November 1831 but died after only two hours). However, the H?ffmeister edition only provides raw materials for in-depth research and cannot serve as a basis for translation. Moreover, to this day, we have only seen the volume, which covers the Eastern philosophy section. Any additions based on the H?ffmeister edition in this translation are marked with [ ] and accompanied by explanations from the translator. We incorporated a significant amount of material on Eastern philosophy, especially on Chinese philosophy, from the H?ffmeister edition into the Chinese translation. Since we referred to and selectively adopted material from the English translation and the H?ffmeister edition to enrich and correct the Glockner edition, it can be said that the content of this Chinese translation is richer than both the German edition and the second edition of the English translation. The translation of Hegel's "History of Philosophy" was organized by the Department of the History of Foreign Philosophy at the Peking University Philosophy Department. The introduction (parts A and B) was translated by He Lin, and part C by Wang Taiqing. Eastern philosophy was translated from the English edition by Wang Weicheng, later revised by Wang Taiqing based on the German text, and supplemented by He Lin based on the H?ffmeister edition. The introduction, the Seven Sages, Ionian philosophy, and the Pythagorean school in Greek philosophy were translated or compiled by Wang Taiqing. The Eleatic school, Leucippus, and Democritus were translated by He Lin, while Heraclitus and Empedocles were translated by Yang Zutao, and the philosophy of Anaxagoras by Fang Shuchun. The entire translation was proofread by Zong Baihua and Fang Shuchun based on the German text. He Lin and Wang Taiqing, in addition to proofreading other colleagues' translations, were also responsible for the final arrangement and editing. Marking the original page numbers from the German edition in the margins and compiling an index of important names and places were tasks undertaken by Wang Taiqing. In this book, we strove for consistency in terminology, and even for terms with multiple meanings, we used different Chinese translations in different contexts, all after collective discussion. Additionally, Comrade Tang Yongtong read the translation of the Eastern philosophy section, Comrade Feng Youlan the section on Chinese philosophy, Comrade Chen Xiuchqi the introduction to the history of philosophy, and Comrade Miao Litian the majority of the translation, all of whom provided valuable suggestions. Translating classic works on the history of philosophy using collective effort is still a preliminary attempt. If there are any inappropriate places in the translation, we hope readers will offer more suggestions.
Opening Address
Lectures on the History of Philosophy
Introduction Part I
Greek Philosophy
Introduction
Part A
The Concept of the History of Philosophy
The General Notion of the History of Philosophy
An Imperfect Explanation of the History of Philosophy
The Consequences of the Concept of the History of Philosophy
Part B
Relationship with Other Departments of Philosophy
Historical Connections
Distinctions Between Philosophy and Other Related Departments
The Origin of Philosophy and the History of Philosophy
Part C
Periodization, Sources of Materials, and Method of Presentation in the History of Philosophy
Periodization of the History of Philosophy
Sources of Materials for This Philosophy
The Method of Presentation in This Philosophy
Eastern Philosophy
Part A
Chinese Philosophy
Confucius
The I Ching
Philosophy of the Taoists
Part B
Indian Philosophy
Philosophy of the Buddhist Schools
The Philosophy of Gau?apāda and Nāgārjuna
Part A
Introduction to the Hope Philosophy
Introduction
Part B
The Seven Sages
Period I: From Thales to Aristotle
Chapter
Phase I: From Thales to Anaxagoras
Part A
Ionian Philosophy
Thales
Anaximander
Anaximenes
Part B
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans
Part C
The Eleatic School
Part D
Heraclitus
Part E
Empedocles, Leucippus, and Democritus
Part F
Anaxagoras
Translator's Postscript
Index of Names