Ultrastructure Pathology

Author: Shi Jingquan Chen Yisheng Bian Xiuhu
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2005-05-01
Features: This book consists of 21 chapters. Chapters 1 to 9 provide an overview, elaborating on the ultrastructural changes in various cellular structures and the ultrastructural basis of tumors. Chapters 10 to 21 discuss the basic ultrastructural changes in major organ systems, with a focus on the ultrastructural pathology of common and representative diseases in those systems. The content is systematic, comprehensive, and up-to-date, accompanied by 350 electron microscope photographs and diagrams. It is suitable for pathologists, physicians in related clinical departments, and as a textbook for medical graduate students studying ultrastructural pathology.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Cell Nucleus
Section 1: Normal Structure and Function of the Cell Nucleus
1. Nuclear Envelope
2. Chromatin
3. Nucleolus
4. Nuclear Cytoplasm
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of the Cell Nucleus
1. Changes in Cell Nucleus Morphology
2. Changes in Nuclear Envelope
3. Changes in Chromatin
4. Changes in Nucleolus
5. Intracellular Inclusions
6. Nuclear Bodies
References
Chapter 2: Mitochondria
Section 1: Structure and Function of Mitochondria
1. Ultrastructure of Mitochondria
2. Chemical Composition and Enzyme Localization of Mitochondria
3. Energy Conversion Function of Mitochondria
4. Associated Structures of Mitochondria
Section 2: Generation, Degeneration, and Clearance of Mitochondria
1. Mitochondrial Generation
2. Mitochondrial Degeneration and Clearance
Section 3: Ultrastructural Changes of Mitochondria
1. Mitochondrial Swelling and Hydropic Degeneration
2. Mitochondrial Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
3. Giant Mitochondria
4. Intramitochondrial Inclusions
5. Mitochondrial Changes in Tumors
References
Chapter 3: Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
Section 1: Ultrastructure and Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
1. Ultrastructure of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
2. Chemical Composition of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
3. Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
4. Specialized Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
1. Endoplasmic Reticulum Expansion and Lysinization
2. Deterioration of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Depolymerization of Polyribosomes
4. Ribosome-Plasma Membrane Complex
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes in Cell Differentiation and Tumors
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum Hypertrophy
7. Special Arrangement of Endoplasmic Reticulum
8. Inclusions in Endoplasmic Reticulum
References
Chapter 4: Golgi Complex
Section 1: Ultrastructure and Function of Golgi Complex
1. Ultrastructure of Golgi Complex
2. Chemical Composition and Enzymes of Golgi Complex
3. Function of Golgi Complex
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of Golgi Complex
1. Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Golgi Complex
2. Golgi Complex and Lipids and Lipoproteins
3. Golgi Complex and Cell Differentiation and Tumors
4. Secretory Granules and Tumors
References
Chapter 5: Lysosomes
Section 1: Discovery and Naming of Lysosomes
Section 2: Chemical Composition and Function of Lysosomes
1. Chemical Composition of Lysosomes
2. Function of Lysosomes
Section 3: Classification and Ultrastructure of Lysosomes
1. Primary Lysosomes
2. Secondary Lysosomes
Section 4: Special Types of Lysosomes and Their Characteristics
1. Lamellar Body-Like Lysosomes
2. Multivesicular Bodies and R-Bodies
3. Lipofuscin (Residual Bodies)
4. Myelin-Like Membrane, Myelin-Like Structures, and Myelin Bodies
5. Ferritin Bodies, Hemosiderin, and Ferritin
6. Angular Lysosomes
7. Lysosomes in Several Types of White Blood Cells
Section 5: Special Inclusions in Lysosomes
1. Curved Bodies in Lysosomes
2. Collagen in Lysosomes
3. Glycogen in Lysosomes
4. Iron in Lysosomes
5. Gold Particles
6. Platinum Particles
7. Lysosome Interlocking Plates (Zipper-like Structures)
Section 6: Lysosomes and Diseases
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis
2. Lysosomal Storage Diseases
3. Lysosomal Dysfunction Diseases
4. Diseases Caused by Lysosomal Enzyme Release
5. Intestinal Melanosis
6. Lysosomes in Tumor Tissues
7. Lysosomes in Host Liver
References
Chapter 6: Microbodies
1. Ultrastructure and Function of Microbodies
2. Changes in Microbodies in Pathological Conditions and Peroxisome Diseases
References
Chapter 7: Cytoskeleton System
Section 1: Ultrastructure and Function of Cytoskeleton
1. Cytoskeletal Framework
2. Nuclear Cytoskeleton
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of Cytoskeleton
1. Ultrastructural Changes of Microtubules and Their Significance
2. Ultrastructural Changes of Intermediate Filaments and Their Significance
3. Ultrastructural Changes of Microfilaments and Their Significance
References
Chapter 8: Cell Membrane
Section 1: Chemical Composition of Cell Membrane
1. Membrane Lipids
2. Membrane Proteins
3. Membrane Carbohydrates
Section 2: Molecular Structure and Characteristics of Cell Membrane
1. Molecular Structure of Cell Membrane (Various Models)
2. Structural Characteristics of Cell Membrane
Section 3: Main Functions of Cell Membrane
1. Material Transport Function of Cell Membrane
2. Information Transfer Function of Cell Membrane
3. Immune Function of Cell Membrane
Section 4: Specialized Structures of Cell Membrane
1. Specialized Structures and Functions of the Free Surface of the Cell
2. Specialized Structures of Cell-to-Cell Contact Surfaces—Cell-to-Cell Junctions
3. Specialized Structures of the Basal Surface of the Cell—Basal Membrane Infolding
Section 5: Pathological Changes of Cell Membrane
1. Ultrastructural Changes of Cell Membrane and Its Specialized Structures
2. Cell Membrane Abnormalities and Diseases
References
Chapter 9: Ultrastructure of Tumors
Section 1: Basic Ultrastructure of Tumors
1. Cell Membrane and Its Specializations
2. Cell Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Interstitium
Section 2: Application Range, Diagnostic Value, and Precautions of Ultrastructural Studies of Tumors
1. Application Range
2. Diagnostic Value
3. Precautions
Section 3: Ultrastructure of Some Tumors
1. Carcinomas and Sarcomas
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma
3. Small Cell Carcinoma
4. Spindle Cell Carcinoma
5. Fibrosarcoma
6. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
7. Liposarcoma
8. Leiomyosarcoma
9. Rhabdomyosarcoma
10. Angiosarcoma
11. Synovial Sarcoma
12. Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
References
Chapter 10: Ultrastructural Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Cardiac Muscle Cells
1. Ventricular Myocardial Fibers (Cells)
2. Atrial Myocardial Fibers (Cells)
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Cardiac Muscle
1. Cardiac Muscle Hypertrophy
2. Cardiac Muscle Degeneration
3. Changes in Cardiac Interstitium
Section 3: Atherosclerosis
1. Lesions of Arterial Intima
2. Lesions of Arterial Media
Section 4: Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
1. Angina Pectoris
2. Myocardial Infarction
Section 5: Rheumatic Heart Disease
1. Rheumatic Bodies
2. Cardiac Muscle Lesions
Section 6: Viral Myocarditis
1. Basic Lesions
2. Ultrastructural Lesions
Section 7: Primary Cardiomyopathy
1. Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
2. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
3. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Section 8: Keshan Disease
1. Pathological Characteristics
2. Ultrastructural Changes of Cardiac Muscle
Section 9: Heart Transplantation
1. Acute Rejection
2. Chronic Rejection
3. Typical Case Examples
4. Significance and Application Value of Electron Microscopy in Observing Rejection
Section 10: Evaluation of Ultrastructural Changes in Cardiac Biopsy
Appendix: Precautions for Using Cardiac Biopsy
References
Chapter 11: Ultrastructural Pathology of Trachea, Bronchi, and Lung Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Trachea, Bronchi, and Lung
1. Trachea, Main Bronchi, and Intralobular Bronchi
2. Alveoli
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Trachea, Bronchi, and Lung
1. Trachea, Main Bronchi, and Intralobular Bronchi
2. Alveoli
Section 3: Ultrastructural Changes of Common Pneumonias
1. Viral Pneumonia
2. Mycoplasma Pneumonia
3. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Section 4: Ultrastructure of Common Lung and Pleural Tumors
1. Lung Cancer
2. Mesothelioma
References
Chapter 12: Ultrastructural Pathology of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Gastrointestinal Mucosa
1. Gastric Epithelial Cells and Glandular Epithelial Cells
2. Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Gastrointestinal Mucosa
1. Gastric Mucosa
2. Intestinal Mucosa
Section 3: Ultrastructural Changes of Gastric Diseases
1. Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
2. Erosive Gastritis
3. Gastric Tumors
Section 4: Ultrastructural Changes of Intestinal Diseases
1. Small Intestinal Diseases
2. Large Intestinal Diseases
References
Chapter 13: Ultrastructural Pathology of Liver Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Liver
1. Hepatocytes
2. Liver Sinusoidal Spaces
3. Space of Disse
4. Intrahepatic Bile Ducts, Connective Tissue, and Extracellular Matrix
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Liver
1. Hepatocytes
2. Liver Sinusoidal Spaces
3. Space of Disse
4. Capillary Bile Ducts and Bile Secretion Apparatus
Section 3: Ultrastructural Changes of Common Liver Diseases
1. Metabolic Diseases
2. Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia
3. Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
4. Acute Viral Hepatitis
5. Chronic Hepatitis
6. Cirrhosis
7. Liver Tumors
Section 4: Precautions for Electron Microscopy Observation of Liver Tissue
References
Chapter 14: Ultrastructural Pathology of Kidney Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Kidneys
1. Glomeruli/Kidney Glomeruli
2. Tubules
3. Interstitium
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Kidneys
1. Glomeruli
2. Tubules
Section 3: Ultrastructural Changes of Common Kidney Diseases
1. Primary Glomerular Diseases
2. Secondary Glomerular Diseases
3. Hereditary Glomerular Diseases
4. Tubular Diseases
5. Transplanted Kidney Diseases
Section 4: Ultrastructure of Common Kidney Tumors
1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
2. Wilms' Tumor
3. Renal Glomerular Cell Tumor
4. Renal Acidophilic Cell Tumor
Appendix: Methods and Precautions for Kidney Electron Microscopy Specimen Collection
References
Chapter 15: Ultrastructural Pathology of Male Reproductive System Diseases
Section 1: Ultrastructural Changes of Prostate Diseases
1. Normal Structure and Function of Prostate and Immunophenotype
2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
3. Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
4. Prostatic Basal Cell Hyperplasia
5. Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of Prostate
6. Ultrastructure of Prostate Cancer Tissue Types
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of Testicular Diseases
1. Normal Structure and Function of Testis and Immunophenotype
2. Testicular Tumors
References
Chapter 16: Ultrastructural Pathology of Female Reproductive System Tumors
Section 1: Ultrastructure of Cervical Tumors
1. Cervical Intraepithelial Tumors
2. Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. Special Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Cervix
4. Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Section 2: Ultrastructure of Endometrial Cancer
Section 3: Ultrastructure of Trophoblastic Tumors
1. Molar Pregnancy
2. Choriocarcinoma
Section 4: Ultrastructure of Ovarian Tumors
1. Surface Epithelial–Stromal Tumors
2. Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors
3. Germ Cell Tumors
References
Chapter 17: Ultrastructural Pathology of Breast Diseases
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure of Breast Duct Epithelial Cells
1. Breast Duct and Small Duct Epithelial Cells
2. Myoepithelial Cells
3. Basal Membrane
Section 2: Ultrastructural Changes of Breast Diseases
1. Breast Hyperplasia
2. Atypical Hyperplasia of Breast Epithelium
3. Breast Cancer
References
Chapter 18: Ultrastructural Pathology of Lymphoreticular Tissue Tumors
Section 1: Normal Ultrastructure and Function of Lymphocytes and Histocytes
1. Lymphocytes
2. Histocytes
Section 2: Ultrastructure of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
1. B-Cell Lymphoma
2. NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
Section 3: Ultrastructure of Hodgkin Lymphoma
1. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
2. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Section 4: Malignant Hyperproliferative Lesions of Histocytes
1. Histiocytic Sarcoma
2. Malignant Histiocytosis
3. Langerhans Cell Sarcoma
4. Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
5. Sinusoidal Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
References
Chapter 19: Ultrastructural Pathology of Endocrine System Diseases
Section 1: Types of Endocrine Glands and Normal Ultrastructure of Endocrine Cells
1. Types of Endocrine Glands
2. Normal Ultrastructure of Endocrine Cells
Section 2: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Endocrine Cells Under Stress
1. Transformation of Bright Cells to Dense Cells in Adrenal Cortex
2. Acidophilic Nodules in Adrenal Cortex
3. "Cytoplasmic Dispersal" and "Cellular Sinus Infiltration" in Adrenal Cortex Cells
Section 3: Ultrastructure of Endocrine Tumors
1. Pituitary Tumors
2. Thyroid Tumors
3. Parathyroid Tumors
4. Adrenal Cortex and Medullary Tumors
5. Paraganglioma
6. Diffuse Neuroendocrine System Tumors
References
Chapter 20: Ultrastructural Pathology of Brain
Section 1: Ultrastructure and Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Neurons
1. Ultrastructure of Neurons
2. Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Neurons
Section 2: Ultrastructure and Basic Lesions of Glial Cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal Cells
Section 3: Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Intracerebral Microvessels
1. Normal Ultrastructure of Blood-Brain Barrier
2. Basic Ultrastructural Changes of Intracerebral Microvessels and Blood-Brain Barrier
Section 4: Ultrastructure of Common Primary Brain Tumors
1. Gliomas
2. Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Neurogenic Tumors
3. Meningiomas
Section 5: Brief Introduction to Ultrastructural Changes of Brain Lysosomal Diseases
1. Type II Glycosylation Metabolic Disorders of Gangliosides
2. Heterochromic Leukodystrophy
3. Sphingolipidosis
4. Glucocerebrosidosis
5. Mucopolysaccharidoses
6. Lafora Disease
7. Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Section 6: Application of Electron Microscopy in Diagnosis of Brain Viral Diseases
1. Central Nervous System Enterovirus Infection
2. Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
3. Progressive Multifocal Leukodystrophy
References
Chapter 21: Ultrastructural Pathology of Bone Tumors
Section 1: Cytobiology of Bone
1. Morphology and Function of Bone
2. Periosteum
3. Cartilage
Section 2: Ultrastructure of Osteoblastic Tumors
1. Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
2. Osteosarcoma
Section 3: Ultrastructure of Chondrogenic Tumors
1. Osteochondroma
2. Chondroma
3. Chondroblastoma
4. Chondrosarcoma
5. Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Section 4: Ultrastructure of Other Bone Tumors
1. Osteoclastoma
2. Ewing Sarcoma
References