Phosphate fertilizer production worker

Author: Zhang Wei Huang Jinsheng
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2005-05-01
Features: This book is one of the "Chemical Industry Worker Position Training Readers." Considering the production process and characteristics of phosphate fertilizer, it first introduces phosphate rock and its processing methods. Then, it focuses on the production of superphosphate, phosphoric acid, and ammonium phosphate, with a primary emphasis on the production of wet-process phosphoric acid. The book provides detailed explanations of the principles, production processes, equipment, operations, and production analysis control items for each product. It also briefly introduces relevant environmental protection, occupational safety, and hygiene aspects. The content is specific and highly practical. The book includes certain examples and follow-up review questions after each section to facilitate reader learning. It is suitable for self-study and training of phosphate fertilizer production operators, as well as serving as a reference for students and faculty in relevant disciplines at colleges and universities.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.1.1 Chemical Fertilizers and Agricultural Production
1.1.2 Plant Nutrient Elements and Phosphate Fertilizers
1.1.3 Types of Phosphate Fertilizers
1.1.4 The Importance of Phosphate Fertilizer Development for China's Agricultural Output
Review Questions 7
1.2 Brief History of Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Development
1.2.1 Overview of World Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Development
1.2.2 Overview of China's Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Development
Review Questions 19
Chapter 2 Phosphate Rock and Its Processing
2.1 Phosphate Rock
2.1.1 Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Phosphate Rock
2.1.2 Phosphate Rock Resources and Economic Classification
2.1.3 Domestic Phosphate Rock Production Status
2.1.4 Evaluation of Phosphate Rock
2.1.5 Loading, Storage, and Transportation of Phosphate Rock
Review Questions 43
2.2 Preparation of Phosphate Rock Powder (Slurry)
2.2.1 Objectives and Requirements for Phosphate Rock Powder (Slurry) Preparation
2.2.2 Process Flow for Phosphate Rock Powder (Slurry) Preparation
2.2.3 Main Equipment for Phosphate Rock Powder (Slurry) Preparation
Review Questions 82
Chapter 3 Superphosphate
3.1 Overview
3.1.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Superphosphate
3.1.2 Quality Standards of Superphosphate
3.1.3 Uses of the Product
Review Questions 85
3.2 Basic Knowledge Related to Superphosphate Production
3.2.1 Chemical Reactions in Superphosphate Production
3.2.2 Maturation of Superphosphate
3.2.3 Quality Requirements for Main Raw Materials
Review Questions 104
3.3 Production Methods and Process Flow of Superphosphate
3.3.1 Dilute Acid Mine Powder Method (Dry Process)
3.3.2 Concentrated Acid Mine Slurry Method (Wet Process)
3.3.3 Production Methods and Process Flow for Partially Acidified Phosphate Rock
3.3.4 Absorption and Treatment of Fluorine-containing Gases
3.3.5 Granulation and Drying
3.3.6 Packaging and Storage of the Product
Review Questions 129
3.4 Main Equipment
3.4.1 Mixing Equipment
3.4.2 Reaction Equipment
3.4.3 Fluorine-containing Gas Absorption Equipment
3.4.4 Other Equipment
Review Questions 148
3.5 Production Operations
3.5.1 Process Conditions and Basis for Selection
3.5.2 Production Control and Inspection
3.5.3 Start-up of Mixing and Reaction
3.5.4 Shutdown of Mixing and Reaction
3.5.5 Precautions for Normal Operation
3.5.6 Abnormal Phenomena and Handling Methods
Review Questions 175
3.6 Main Economic Indicators of Superphosphate
3.6.1 Product Output
3.6.2 Main Technical Analysis Indicators in Production
3.6.3 Consumption Indicators
Review Questions 179
3.7 Safety, Hygiene, and Environmental Protection Technologies in Superphosphate Production
3.7.1 Safety Technology in Superphosphate Production
3.7.2 Utilization and Treatment of "Three Wastes"
Review Questions 190
Chapter 4 Production of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Properties and Uses of Phosphoric Acid
4.1.2 Production Methods of Phosphoric Acid
4.1.3 Classification of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production Processes
4.1.4 Raw Materials for Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
Review Questions 203
4.2 Production Principles of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
4.2.1 Main Chemical Reactions for Sulfuric Acid Decomposition of Phosphate Rock
4.2.2 Phase Equilibrium in the CaSO?-H?PO?-H?O System
4.2.3 Calcium Sulfate Crystallization Process
4.2.4 Filtration and Separation of Phosphoric Acid and Phosphogypsum
Review Questions 220
4.3 Process Flow of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
4.3.1 Two-Water Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production Process
4.3.2 Other Process Flows for Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
Review Questions 225
4.4 Main Equipment
4.4.1 Acid Leaching Reactor (Extraction Tank)
4.4.2 Filter
4.5 Production Operations of Two-Water Method
4.5.1 Selection of Process Conditions
4.5.2 Operation Control
4.5.3 Main Technical Indicators
Review Questions 248
4.6 Concentration of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
4.6.1 Principles and Methods of Concentration
4.6.2 Process Flow for Phosphoric Acid Concentration
4.6.3 Main Equipment for Concentration
4.6.4 Operation of the Concentration System
Review Questions 261
4.7 Safety and Hygiene in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
4.7.1 General Principles of Safe Production
4.7.2 Safety Precautions in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
4.8 Treatment and Utilization of "Three Wastes" in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
4.8.1 Pollution Sources and Indicators
4.8.2 Treatment and Utilization of Wastewater and Waste Gas
4.8.3 Treatment and Utilization of Phosphogypsum
Review Questions 275
4.9 New Processes in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production
4.9.1 Prayon Fourth-Generation Grid Multi-Tank Process
4.9.2 French Rh?ne-Poulenc Single-Tank Single-Propeller Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Process
4.9.3 Crystallization Technology
4.9.4 Rapid Acid Leaching Technology
Review Questions 280
Chapter 5 Production of Ammonium Phosphate
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Types and Properties of Ammonium Phosphate
5.1.2 Brief Description of Ammonium Phosphate Production
5.1.3 Raw Materials for Ammonium Phosphate Production
5.1.4 Standards for Ammonium Phosphate Products
Review Questions 288
5.2 Production Principles of Ammonium Phosphate
5.2.1 Chemical Reaction Equations
5.2.2 Properties of Ammoniation Slurry
5.3 Process Flow of Ammonium Phosphate Production
5.3.1 Slurry Concentration Method
5.3.2 Concentrated Phosphoric Acid Ammoniation Process
5.3.3 Production Process Flows for Polyphosphate, Urea Phosphate, Nitrophosphate, and Sulfo-phosphate
Review Questions 328
5.4 Main Equipment
5.4.1 Neutralization Reactor
5.4.2 Tubular Reactor
5.4.3 Ammoniation Granulation Machine
5.4.4 Crusher
5.4.5 Return Material Spray Granulation and Drying Machine
5.5 Production Operations (Taking the Tubular Reactor-Turned Drum Ammoniation Granulation Process as an Example)
5.5.1 System Start-up
5.5.2 System Shutdown
5.5.3 Key Points of Normal Production Operation
5.5.4 Causes of Abnormal Phenomena and Handling Methods
5.6 Safety and Environmental Protection
5.6.1 Safety Precautions
5.6.2 Gas Purification Process and Equipment in Production
References 344