Undergraduate Thesis (Design) Writing Guide

Author: Bao Jinyang
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2004-05-01
Features:
10. References
References, also known as a bibliography, are the books, newspapers, or web articles that the author consults during the writing process. The author often refers to a large number of relevant books, newspapers, or even quotes or draws on certain viewpoints or data from them. To reflect the scientific basis of the paper, respect the research of others, and provide relevant information to readers, authors generally list the main books, newspapers, and web articles as references at the end of the main text, leaving one line of space between them and the main body. The sorting of references generally follows these methods: (1) based on the reference value in the writing process of the paper; (2) based on the order of reference citations in the paper; (3) based on the chronological order of the literature; (4) based on the stroke order of the author's surname or the alphabetical order of foreign letters. References are listed in order at the end of the paper, marked with "References:" (left-aligned) or "[References]" (centered), and numbered sequentially as [1], [2], etc. If there are multiple primary contributors, they are separated by commas. Generally, no words such as "authored, edited, chief editor, co-edited" are added after the primary contributors. The font and size of references are generally the same as those of the abstract. The main types of references are: Monographs—M, Journals—J, Newspapers—N, Collected Papers—C, Theses—D, Reports—R. The specific writing of references can be referred to the requirements of GB7714—87 "Rules for Recording References After the Text" and "Data Norms for Retrieval and Evaluation of Chinese Academic Journals (CD Version)" for writing. The common writing formats of references are as follows:
(1) Monographs: [Number] Primary Contributor. Title of the Work [M]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Numbers.
Example: [1] Li Kaipu, Modern Applied Writing [M], Beijing: China Commercial Press, 1993.
[2] Liu Guojun, Chen Shaoye, Wang Fenglu, Library Catalogs [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1957. 15—18.
(2) Journals: [Number] Primary Contributor. Title of the Work [J]. Journal Name Year Volume(Issue): Page Numbers.
Example: [3] Liu Biao, Analysis of the Bank-Business Relationship in the Modern Market Economy [J]. Economic Research, 1994, (5): 22—25.
(3) Newspapers: [Number] Primary Contributor. Title of the Work [N]. Newspaper Name, Publication Date (Edition).
Example: [4] Li Ming. On Humanitarianism and Humanitarianism [N]. People's Daily, 1992-03-15 (8).
(4) Special References: For example, collected papers, theses, reports, internal materials, etc., their formats are similar to monographs.
(5) Electronic References: [Number] Primary Contributor. Title of the Work, Source or Accessible Address of the Electronic Reference.
Example: [5] Ding Junfa, New Trends in the Consumption Demand Changes of Urban and Rural Residents in China. http://www.sina.com.cn.
11. Notes
Notes are optional elements and depend on the situation. Notes are the necessary explanations and indications of the source of some words, phrases, or sentences by the author in the paper. They are different from references. Notes are divided into two categories: One category is the explanation, clarification, or supplementation of some words, phrases, or sentences by the paper author to help readers better understand the annotated object; the other category is the indication of the source of the quoted text to show respect for others' work achievements, enhance the credibility of the data, and facilitate readers in checking the original text. There are three ways to write notes: interlinear notes, footnotes, and endnotes.
(1) Interlinear Notes: Also known as "in-text notes," "paragraph notes," or "line notes." It means adding parentheses after the words, phrases, or sentences to be annotated and writing the annotations (such as author, work or article name, publisher, publication time, page numbers) in the parentheses. Interlinear notes have three situations: The first is the use of indirect quotations, such as quoting the views, opinions, or proposals of a certain author's article, at which time the author's name and the year of publication of the quoted text can be noted after the quotation; the second is direct quotations, noting the source after the quotation; the third is providing a brief explanation of a word in the text or indicating an alternative term or expression. The number of "interlinear notes" in a paper should not be too many, as too many can not only affect the aesthetic of the paper structure but also make it difficult for readers to read and even lead to misunderstandings, as if the paper author is using others' views to replace their own arguments.
(2) Footnotes: Also known as "footnotes" or "bottom-of-the-page notes." It means adding notes at the bottom of the page of the object to be explained. If there is only one quotation on a page, add "(Note)" in the upper right corner of the end of the quotation; if there are more than two quotations on a page, you must indicate the serial number and must be on a per-page basis. The writing format is the same as that of "interlinear notes."
(3) Endnotes: Also known as "end-of-the-paper notes." It means concentrating all notes at the end of the paper. However, it is necessary to add note marks such as ①, ②, ③ or (Note 1), (Note 2), (Note 3) after the annotated object to correspond with the end-of-the-paper notes. It should be noted that a paper should not write "References" at the end of the text and add "Notes" at the same time, as it may affect the aesthetic of the paper's appearance.
12. Appendices
Appendices are optional elements and depend on the situation. Appendices refer to some content in the paper that is closely related to the main text, but this part of the content has relative independence. However, including it in the main text often affects the logicality and continuity of the main text's narration, so it is attached after the main text as an appendix to help readers understand the relevant content in the main text; some also refer to the materials closely related to the reading of the paper, such as related articles, documents, tables, formulas, etc., attached after the text. In design-type papers, design drawings can be placed in the main text or concentrated in the appendix. Appendices are generally located in the last part of the paper.
Section 3: Topic Selection for Graduation Papers (Design)
Topic selection, literally speaking, is to choose a topic. Choosing a topic has two meanings: one is to choose the scope and direction of scientific research, and the other is to choose the title of the paper. Topic selection is not only the first step in writing a paper but also a key link in determining the content and value of the paper. If the topic is chosen well, the subsequent work, such as determining the title, collecting materials, arranging the structure, and writing, can be carried out smoothly. Conversely, it will not be the case.
I. The Significance of Topic Selection
Topic selection determines the value of the paper and is also related to the success or failure of writing the paper. Some people say that if the topic is chosen correctly, the paper is equivalent to being half done. This statement is very reasonable. The so-called "choosing the right topic" includes two meanings: one is that the topic is in line with objective needs, and the other is that the topic is adapted to the research status. The former can ensure that the topic has practical significance, and only then will the research of the topic be meaningful, and the paper reflecting the research results will also have value; the latter can ensure that the researcher has the ability and conditions to carry out the research on the issue: the research work can be carried out smoothly and successful. Therefore, when writing graduation papers (design), it is necessary to pay attention to topic selection, and the first step is to strive to choose a good topic.
II. Types of Topic Selection
(1) From the perspective of time, it can be divided into topics for pioneering research and topics for developmental research.
1. Topics for Pioneering Research
Refers to problems that have not been studied by others.