Fuel analysis

Author: Liu Desheng
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-01-01
Features: This book is a teaching material for training and skill assessment of petroleum product analysis workers, primarily introducing the theory and practice of quality standards and test method standards for petroleum products such as fuel oils, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, solvent oils, lubricating oils, lubricating greases, paraffin waxes, bitumens, petroleum cokes, and petroleum additives. It can be used as a textbook for vocational college, secondary technical school, and technical school students majoring in petroleum product analysis, as well as a training manual for technical workers and technicians, and as a self-study reference book for employees in the petroleum product analysis industry.
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Petroleum Products and Their Classification
1.1 Concept of Petroleum Products
1.2 Classification of Petroleum Products
Section 2: Petroleum Product Analysis and Standards
2.1 Petroleum Product Analysis
2.2 Petroleum Product Analysis Standards
Section 3: Sampling of Petroleum Products
3.1 Sampling Methods for Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products (Manual Method)
3.2 Sampling Methods for Solid and Semi-solid Petroleum Products
3.3 Sampling Methods for Petroleum Bitumens
3.4 Sampling Methods for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Reflection and Practice
Chapter 1: Fuel Oil Analysis
Section 1: Fuel Oil Quality Standards
1.1 Automotive Lead-free Gasoline Standard
1.2 Aviation Gasoline
1.3 Kerosene
1.4 Jet Fuel
1.5 Light Diesel Oil
1.6 Military Fuel Oil Standards
Section 2: Standard Analytical Methods for Fuel Oil Technical Requirements
2.1 Determination Method for Water-soluble Acids and Bases in Petroleum Products
2.2 Determination Method for Water Content in Petroleum Products
2.3 Method for Density Determination of Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
2.4 Method for Flash Point Determination of Petroleum Products (Closed Cup Method)
2.5 Method for Vapor Pressure Determination of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
2.6 Method for Distillation Range Determination of Petroleum Products
2.7 Method for Determination of Gasoline Oxidation Stability (Induction Period Method)
2.8 Method for Determination of Actual Gum in Automotive Gasoline and Aviation Fuel (Jet Evaporation Method)
2.9 Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Petroleum Products (Fluorescent Indicator Absorption Method)
2.10 Method for Determination of Lead Content in Gasoline (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)
2.11 Method for Determination of Gasoline Octane Number (Motor Method) and Method for Determination of Gasoline Octane Number (Research Method)
2.12 Method for Determination of Color of Petroleum Products (Sobek Color Method)
2.13 Method for Determination of Sulfur Content in Petroleum Products
2.14 Method for Determination of Thiophene Sulfur in Distillate Fuel Oils (Potentiometric Method)
2.15 Method for Determination of Kinematic Viscosity of Petroleum Products and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity
2.16 Method for Determination of Engler Viscosity of Petroleum Products
2.17 Method for Determination of Pour Point of Petroleum Products
2.18 Method for Determination of Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (GB/T 3535-91)
2.19 Method for Determination of Ice Point of Jet Fuel
2.20 Method for Determination of Smoke Point of Kerosene
2.21 Method for Determination of Copper Corrosion Test of Petroleum Products
2.22 Method for Determination of Mechanical Impurities in Petroleum Products and Additives (Gravimetric Method)
2.23 Method for Determination of Carbon Residue in Petroleum Products ()
2.24 Method for Determination of Glow Plug Value of Jet Fuel
2.25 Method for Determination of Ash Content in Petroleum Products
Reflection and Practice
Experiments
Chapter 2: Analysis of Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Solvent Oils
Section 1: Quality Standards for Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Solvent Oils
1.1 Natural Gas Quality Standard
1.2 Liquefied Petroleum Gas
1.3 Physicochemical Indicators and Standards for Solvent Oils
Section 2: Analytical Methods for Technical Requirements of Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Solvent Oils
2.1 Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG Method)
2.2 Method for Determination of Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Potentiometric Method)
2.3 Method for Determination of Solvent Beeswax Butyl Value of Hydrocarbons
2.4 Method for Calculation of Vapor Pressure, Relative Density, and Octane Number of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
2.5 Method for Determination of Density or Relative Density of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Pressure Density Method)
2.6 Method for Determination of Composition of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Chromatography)
2.7 Method for Determination of Copper Corrosion Test of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
2.8 Method for Determination of Total Sulfur Content in Liquefied Petroleum Gas
2.9 Method for Determination of Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
2.10 Method for Determination of Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons (Precision Electrostatic Meter Method)
Reflection and Practice
Experiments
Chapter 3: Analysis of Lubricating Oils and Greases
Section 1: Quality Standards for Lubricating Oils
1.1 Physicochemical Performance Indicators for Gasoline Engine Lubricating Oil
1.2 Physicochemical Indicators for Diesel Engine Lubricating Oil
1.3 Aviation Jet Engine Lubricating Oil
Section 2: Quality Standards for Lubricating Greases
1.1 Calcium-based Lubricating Grease
1.2 General Lithium-based Lubricating Grease
1.3 Bentonite Lubricating Grease
Section 3: Quality Standards for Insulating Oil, Hydraulic Oil, and Synthetic Oils
1.1 Ultra-high Voltage Transformer Oil
1.2 Mineral Oil and Synthetic Hydrocarbon Type Hydraulic Oil
1.3 Synthetic Brake Fluid (HXY2, HZY3, HZY4)
Section 4: Standard Analytical Methods for Quality and Technical Indicators of Lubricating Oils and Greases (Insulating Oils, Hydraulic Oils, Synthetic Oils, Vacuum Oils, Rust Preventive Oils)
4.1 Method for Determination of Flash Point and Ignition Point of Petroleum Products (Cleveland Open Cup Method)
4.2 Method for Determination of Foam Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
4.3 Method for Determination of Emulsion Resistance of Lubricating Oils
4.4 Method for Determination of Boundary Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
4.5 Method for Determination of Aniline Point of Petroleum Products
4.6 Method for Determination of Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oil (Cold Start Simulation Machine Method)
4.7 Method for Determination of Low Temperature Viscosity of Automotive Liquid Lubricants (Brookfield Viscometer Method)
4.8 Method for Determination of Lubricating Oil Bearing Capacity (Four-ball Method)
4.9 Method for Determination of Penetration of Lubricating Grease and Petroleum Grease
4.10 Method for Determination of Corrosion Resistance of Lubricating Grease
4.11 Method for Determination of Evaporative Loss of Lubricating Grease and Lubricating Oil
4.12 Method for Determination of Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease
4.13 Method for Determination of Sediment in Crude Oil and Fuel Oil
4.14 Method for Determination of Sulfate Ash Content of Additives and Additive-containing Lubricating Oils (Complexometric Titration Method)
4.15 On-site Inspection Method for Lubricating Oils
Reflection and Practice
Experiments
Chapter 4: Analysis of Petroleum Waxes, Petroleum Bitumens, and Petroleum Cokes
Section 1: Standards for Petroleum Waxes, Petroleum Bitumens, and Petroleum Cokes
1.1 Petroleum Wax Standard
1.2 Vaseline Standard
1.3 White Oil Standard
1.4 Petroleum Bitumen Standard
1.5 Petroleum Coke Standard (Delayed Petroleum Coke)
Section 2: Analytical and Inspection Standards for Quality and Technical Indicators of Petroleum Waxes, Petroleum Bitumens, and Petroleum Cokes
2.1 Method for Determination of Melting Point of Paraffin
2.2 Method for Determination of Oil Content in Paraffin
2.3 Method for Determination of Penetration of Paraffin
2.4 Test Method for Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Paraffin
2.5 Method for Determination of Ultraviolet Absorbance of White Oil
2.6 Method for Determination of Softening Point of Petroleum Bitumen
2.7 Method for Determination of Ductility of Petroleum Bitumen
2.8 Method for Determination of Brittleness of Petroleum Bitumen
2.9 Method for Determination of Volatiles in Petroleum Coke
Reflection and Practice
Experiments
Chapter 5: Analysis of Petroleum Product Additives
Section 1: Classification Standards for Petroleum Additives
1.1 Technical Requirements for and Dispersants
1.2 Technical Requirements for Antioxidant and Antirust Agents
1.3 Technical Requirements for Viscosity Index Improvers
1.4 Technical Requirements for Pour Point Depressants
Section 2: Standard Analytical Methods for Quality and Technical Requirements of Petroleum Additives
2.1 Method for Determination of Alkalinity of Petroleum Products (Perchloric Acid Titration Method)
2.2 Method for Determination of Active Components in Additives
2.3 Method for Determination of Calcium, Barium, and Zinc Content in Additive-containing Lubricating Oils (Complexometric Titration Method)
2.4 Method for Determination of Water Content in Additives and Additive-containing Lubricating Oils (Electrochemical Method)
2.5 Method for Determination of Thermal Decomposition Temperature of Antioxidant and Antirust Additives (Capillary Method)
Reflection and Practice
Experiments
Appendix A: Method for Determining Precision Data of Petroleum Product Test Methods
A.1 Scope of Application
A.2 Referred Standards
A.3 Related Definitions
A.4 Statistical Experimental Design
Appendix B: Assessment Requirements for Advanced Technicians in Petroleum Product Analysis
References and Bibliography