Separation Process Principle: English (English)

Author: J.D. Seader
Publisher:
Publication Date: 2002-08-01
Features: This textbook is intended for use in undergraduate chemical engineering curriculums. The material is suitable for courses in equilibrium-stage processes, stage-wise separation processes, mass transfer operations, separation processes, and rate-controlled separations. Those schools that teach a two-semester sequence in equilibrium stages and mass transfer may find that this textbook satisfies all the needs of that sequence. Some schools may find some of the material suitable for graduate courses in separations. In 1963, E.J. Henley and H.K. Staffinauthored a book, entitled Stage-wise Process Design, that introduced chemical engineering students to non-diffusional aspects of material and energy balances under phase equilibrium constraints, using mainly graphical methods. Most of that book was incorporated, in 1981, into a greatly expanded textbook, Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operations in Chemical Engineering, by E.J. Henley and J.D. Seader. The objective of this expanded book was to enhance the 1963 book by adding material on the mathematics and science associated with staged calculations as implemented in commercial, steady-state process simulation computer programs, which were becoming widely available and relied on numeric, rather than graphical, methods of solution. Today, the use of simulation programs is taught to undergraduate students in virtually every chemical engineering department. These programs are easy to use, to avoid convergence problems of chemical engineering. Hopefully, the 1981 textbook provided that understanding. Since the publication of our 1981 textbook, interest in the design and simulation of separation operations using mass transfer (rate-based) principles has increased considerably. This resulted from the availability of improved packings for packed columns used in absorption, distillation, and stripping, and also from the development of theory and applications for the less mature separation operations of adsorption, crystallization, and membrane separations. At the same time, batch distillation, for which rigorous, computer-based calculation methods have been developed, has found wider application. Also, greatly improved procedures for the development of separation processes using enhanced distillation (azeotropic, extractive, pressure-swing, and reactive) have been published, and new applications of supercritical-fluid little extraction and chromatography have been commercialized. Our 1981 textbook contained little material on these topics; however, this new textbook contains substantial material on these important topics, as well as those covered in the 1981 textbook. Both equilibrium-based and rate-based methods are covered extensively. This textbook is organized and divided into four parts. Part one, which covers extensively chapters, presents introductory concepts. Chapter 1 describes the many ways in which chemical mixtures are separated industrially. Chapter 2 reviews solution thermodynamics, for both equilibrium-based and rate-based approaches to separation operations. This chapter can be omitted and used only for reference if students have completed or are taking concurrently a course in chemical engineering thermodynamics. Chapter 3 covers the basic principles of diffusion and mass transfer required for the rate-based approach to separation operations. The use of phase equilibrium and material-balance equations to solve a widerange of single equilibrium-stage separations is covered in Chapter 4, while Chapter 5 introduces the student to cascades of equilibrium stages. The remaining three parts of the textbook are organized according to the method of separation. In Part two, separations achieved by phase creation or addition are presented. Chapters 6 through 8 cover absorption and stripping of dilute solutions, binary distillation, and ternary liquid-liquid extraction, Chapters 9 through 11 d