Tourism Real Estate Studies

Author: Ding Mingshen, Qian Pinglei
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2004-06-01
Features: [Excerpt:] Section 2: Property Management within the Real Estate Industry, there is an industry—property management, which emerged in China with the development of the market economy. In the planned economy era, the management of urban residents' housing in China was carried out through management forms such as "Housing Management Offices." The management model of Housing Management Offices could no longer meet the growing needs of people's improving living standards, so the market economy-based innovative housing management system of "property management" was introduced from Hong Kong.
I. Basic Concepts of Property Management
1. Definition of Property
"Property" refers to the total content of constructed buildings and their related equipment, municipal, and public facilities. It is what we commonly understand as real estate. Generally, in addition to residential communities, a commercial building is also considered a property. In this book, tourism real estate projects, as well as industrial real estate and market real estate projects, can all be regarded as individual properties. Properties vary in size and can be relatively segmented based on regional space. A building, a group of factories, or even a residential unit can be an independent property. In this sense, property can also refer to a unit of real estate or a building.
2. Property Management
"Property management" refers to the professional management of property implemented by specialized companies or institutions, accepting the of owners (or users), and providing efficient and thoughtful services to them. Under the market economy system, property management is a business activity that should operate according to market economy planning. The general content of property management includes: managing cleanliness, security, public greening, public facilities, roads, and pipelines within the property area, and providing other comprehensive or special services to owners (or users). Property management also falls under the scope of community management.
3. Operators of Property Management
The operator of property management refers to enterprises or organizations that are specifically engaged in property management. The property management company is one of the most common types. It operates in accordance with national laws and management standards, using modern management science and advanced maintenance and repair technologies to implement unified professional management and maintenance of properties that have been accepted and inspected, providing services to property users, maximizing the use and economic benefits of the property, and simultaneously charging appropriate service fees.
II. Content of Property Management
The business of property management is quite extensive, but its basic content is the same.
1. Property Management
For the properties and equipment entrusted for management, such as buildings and equipment, to carry out acceptance and inspection, establish accounts and archives, and manage their use. Provide services for users' housing occupancy, leasing, and exchanges.
2. Building Maintenance Management
According to the relevant regulations of the state on building maintenance management, formulate annual or regular repair plans for minor, medium, and major civil engineering projects of buildings. Supervise the quality of repairs, and under the entrusted management, organize the bidding process for repair construction tasks. Implement building repairs according to the plan.
3. Building Equipment Management
Equipment operation and maintenance services, entrusted with providing users with operational services for elevators, heating, water supply, television public antennas, fire protection, and other facilities, and managing engineering projects such as maintenance, protection, major and medium repairs, and equipment updates.
4. Building Leasing and Sales Management
Entrusted with the leasing and sales operations of various types of buildings, such as residential buildings, office buildings, hotels, and commercial buildings, and the corresponding management.
III. Clarifying the Investment Entity and Main Cooperation Targets
After the preliminary planning report is approved, the main investors can proceed with the recruitment of investors and main cooperators based on the opinions in the section report on fund raising in the report. This task can be entrusted to intermediaries or undertaken by the main investors themselves. If the main investors decide to invest entirely on their own or raise funds through bank loans, there is no need to seek investment cooperators. However, for some specialized areas that are not familiar to the investors themselves, it is necessary to identify cooperators to assist in managing the key control points required for the construction of sub-projects at various stages. Generally speaking, professionals who participate in the writing of sub-project reports in the preliminary planning should be the main investors' priority targets for cooperation, or they can use them to identify enterprises and institutions for management cooperation. For example, in the case of the health resort mentioned, the main investor is only one, which is a wholly-owned investment. However, regarding the medical management personnel required for health care, which the investors do not possess, the investors need to seek management cooperators in the medical field, such as a well-known hospital or medical university. They should participate in all stages of construction, including design, and play an irreplaceable role in purchasing medical equipment and formulating management measures. Especially, they may eventually become the managers or operators of the health department in the resort. If the main investors need to seek investment cooperators, they should conduct recruitment. Funds can be raised through various channels such as intermediaries. One approach is to simply find a few investors interested in participating in the project, who will only invest and pursue investment returns. The other approach is that after investment, they will have the same status as the main investors, owning the project and even having direct management rights in the future. A combination of investment and cooperation in sub-projects with certain specialized enterprises and institutions is also a relatively desirable cooperation method. Achieving professional contracting through social division of labor is more economical and practical than simply inviting participation in cooperative management. Whether seeking cooperators alone or through multiple investments, a project company should be established. This company is a construction party with clear property rights, also known as a construction entity. After establishment, it can even be transformed into a real entity company. Because preparations for future management need to begin during the construction process, such as marketing, employee recruitment and training, and the development of management software, all of which need to be synchronized with the construction process. These tasks involve interactions with all sectors of society, and only a real entity company can operate as a legal entity in society. The project company will apply for various project approval procedures from government departments.
The term "sub-health," in layman's terms, refers to a condition where a person is diagnosed as having a disease but does not have a fatal illness and can still work and study normally. If they are said not to have a disease, if the condition is not treated in time, it may develop from quantitative change to qualitative change, leading to the loss of the ability to study or work, or even death. Therefore, it is important to regularly and promptly monitor the body's condition, understand the development of the disease, and use medical or other means such as diet and exercise to treat and maintain health, so that the disease can be cured or controlled.
Tourism real estate itself was developed to improve people's quality of life, and of course, health is included in the quality of life. If the developed tourism real estate project has health care functions, it will undoubtedly have an irreplaceable impact on improving the project's level and enriching its connotation, increasing the product's selling points, and also serving as a good way to expand consumption and increase operating income. Therefore, medicine, as a discipline, is also added to the development content of tourism real estate projects as a component of a commodity.
Based on the above analysis and elaboration, the main function of medical means in tourism real estate projects is to be able to detect the health status of residents or tourists relatively simply and quickly, and provide targeted preventive and treatment guidance. It can also offer routine treatment methods and auxiliary physiotherapy methods. However, it is necessary to avoid the tendency to set up hospitals in the project. On the one hand, the medical and health industry itself is a strictly regulated industry by the government, and it is also a matter of life and death, which cannot be engaged in without adequate talent and material conditions. On the other hand, the project is originally of a tourism and leisure nature, and people enter this place with a relaxed mindset. If it is turned into a hospital, although efforts can be made to improve the atmosphere and make it lively, it contradicts the requirements of hospitals for a quiet environment to adapt to the environment of treating and saving lives.
This requires medicine in tourism real estate to permeate the content of health care through the "food, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, entertainment, and shopping" six elements of tourism. Sometimes, even health care can be treated as the theme of the project, but all of this must be done with a relaxed mindset as a prerequisite.
Of course, the treatment of chronic diseases or elderly diseases is a long-term process. Providing medical services to these people who come to the tourism real estate project for rest is also acceptable, but this is merely an auxiliary business and should not be treated as the main business of the tourism real estate project. Even for projects with health care as the theme, hospitals should not be brought in. This is one of the important issues to grasp in the development of tourism real estate projects.
Section 2: Content of the Medical System in Tourism Real Estate
In tourism real estate, the content of medicine mainly includes self-health detection, physiotherapy, and research, as well as the organizational system to achieve these functions.
I. Physical Constitution Detection
Based on the depth and breadth of travelers' requirements for physical examinations, the principle for designing examination items is efficiency and speed. Except for tourism real estate projects with a health care theme, general holiday-style health check-ups should not exceed one day. Comprehensive physical examinations should be carried out by specialized medical institutions in society. As an embodiment of advanced technology, several advanced detection methods can be established. Using high-tech means such as computers and biomedical engineering, a relatively accurate health record can be established for every tourist, reflecting in a timely manner changes in their health status, which serves as an important basis for their health care and medical treatment. Currently, people generally pay more attention to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, tumors, diabetes, osteoporosis, and psychological depression, which have a significant impact on health but are not easily discovered. These can be included as the preferred projects for rapid and efficient detection in tourism real estate projects. If any adverse signs are found, patients should be advised to go to specialized medical institutions for further examination and treatment. At the same time, medical networks can be used to introduce patients to ideal doctors. If the disease is progressive rather than organic, the health care methods in this project, such as physiotherapy, dietary therapy, and consultation, should be fully utilized to help tourists obtain appropriate physiotherapy methods to improve their health level.
Currently, advanced detection methods include: bioenergy detection, one-drop blood detection, and osteoporosis detection, among others.