Rulin Wai Shi

Author: Wu Jingzi
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2004-01-01
Features: The Story of the Scholars uses a realistic approach to satirize the social realities and human nature, though its writing occasionally employs contrasts, exaggeration, and even absurdity, while the unfolding of its plot remains calm, straightforward, and highly measured. It intersperses humorous and witty touches, yet what emerges is a sense of bitterness and desolation. The portrayals of Zhou Jin's humiliation, Fan Jin's success in the imperial examinations, and Ma Er's obsession with the scholarly path are all examples of this. Wu Jingzi's greatest achievement in satirical art lies in creating the archetype of a miser, Yan Jianzheng. This is also a significant contribution of The Story of the Scholars to world literature. This unique archetype in Chinese classical literature, which embodies both human weaknesses and national vices, can stand shoulder to shoulder with world-famous figures such as Shylock from Shakespeare, Alceste from Molière, and Gercourt from Balzac. As the name suggests, The Story of the Scholars depicts the "outer history" of the "scholarly world." In other words, it differs from official histories that reflect state, conceal flaws, and paint a rosy picture of peace. Instead, it records what official histories omit, portraying the lives of ordinary scholars whose names are not found in historical records. It also differs from the fantastical and untruthful folk histories popular among the people. Its main purpose is to "write about real events in the world," delving into the true nature of scholars, exposing societal problems, and satirizing the public. The story of The Story of the Scholars is set in the Ming Dynasty, but the expressions and attitudes of its characters are those of the Qing Dynasty. Wu Jingzi uses the Ming Dynasty as a backdrop to write about the Qing Dynasty, centering on the pursuit of official status and wealth, portraying the personalities and destinies of various scholars, and presenting a vivid picture of social customs during the feudal imperial examination era.