Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology

Author: Zhao Guoxiang
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2004-04-01
Features: This book organically integrates the content of three courses: "Microcomputer Principles," "Microcomputer Interface Technology," and "Assembly Language Programming." The two books, "Microcomputer Principles and Assembly Language Programming" and "Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology," are used sequentially as teaching materials for the same course. The book takes the real mode and protected mode of the Pentium as the main line, using the implementation technology of Pentium's real mode to replace the content of Intel 8086 (currently popularly based on Intel 8086). By analyzing Pentium's protected mode, it presents new designs, technologies, ideas, and trends in the microcomputer field to readers. It lists a certain number of I/O interface hardware and programming examples, which helps to establish an overall concept of microcomputer systems, deepen the understanding of microcomputer working processes, and enable students to initially develop software and hardware development capabilities for microcomputer systems. The book consists of 10 chapters, including: Pentium's memory management; input/output; interrupts; buses; programmable interface chips and applications; serial communication and programmable serial communication interface 8251; analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion; keyboard interface technology; CRT display interface technology; hard disk storage. This book can be used as a textbook for computer science and technology, communication engineering, electrical engineering, automation, and other majors in higher education institutions, and can also be used by engineering technicians engaged in computer application work and self-learners for study and reference.
Preface The three parts of microcomputer principles, assembly language programming, and interface technology are core courses for computer science and technology, communication engineering, electrical engineering, and automation. In the previous teaching system, most universities divided them into three courses: "Microcomputer Principles and Applications," "Microcomputer Interface Technology," and "Assembly Language Programming." With the rapid development of integrated circuit technology, mature technologies of large and super-large computers have gradually been transferred to microcomputers, driving the rapid development of microcomputers. This has brought two issues: first, the structure of microcomputers is becoming increasingly complex, making the interrelatedness of microcomputer principles, assembly language programming, and interface technology more closely integrated and interwoven; second, the continuous addition of new courses and content, with decreasing class hours for each course, has made it impossible to remove old content or add new content, resulting in a serious disconnect between teaching content and reality. Home microcomputers have long used the Pentium microprocessor, while in classrooms, the Intel 8088/8086 microprocessor is still being taught. If microcomputer principles, assembly language programming, and interface technology are still taught as three separate courses, it will inevitably lead to conflicting content, forcing some students to learn the same material twice or even more, and sometimes resulting in a superficial understanding of certain issues or concepts. Therefore, reforming the current microcomputer course teaching system by integrating microcomputer principles, assembly language, and interface technology is imperative.
This book organically integrates the content of the three courses: "Microcomputer Principles," "Microcomputer Interface Technology," and "Assembly Language Programming." The two books, "Microcomputer Principles and Assembly Language Programming" and "Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology," are used sequentially as teaching materials for the same course. It is based on three teaching practices of combining the three courses into one (i.e., "Microcomputer Principles, Assembly Language, and Interface Technology") and has been revised and organized accordingly. In fact, it is also a summary of our 20-odd years of teaching these three courses. The book takes the real mode and protected mode of the Pentium as the main line, using the implementation technology of Pentium's real mode to replace the content of Intel 8086 (currently popularly based on Intel 8086); by analyzing Pentium's protected mode, it presents new designs, technologies, ideas, and trends in the microcomputer field to readers; it lists a certain number of I/O interface hardware and programming examples, which helps to establish an overall concept of microcomputer systems, deepen the understanding of microcomputer working processes, and enable students to initially develop software and hardware development capabilities for microcomputer systems.
The book "Microcomputer Principles and Assembly Language Programming" is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 mainly introduces the brief history of microprocessor development, introducing the basic structures and functional characteristics of the first to fourth-generation microprocessors Intel 8008, Zilog's Z80, Intel 8086, and Intel 80386. Chapter 2 mainly introduces the programming structure and functions of Pentium to Pentium IV microprocessors, covering bus interface, prefetch buffer, integer pipeline, floating-point pipeline, cache components, instruction decoding components, control components, segmentation components, and paging. Superpipelined and superscalar technology pipeline structures, instruction decoding operations, register renaming technology, out-of-order execution technology, pipeline exit operations, saturated arithmetic, fused multiply-add operations, and dynamic execution technology. The pin functions of the Pentium microprocessor, the basic timing of the Pentium microprocessor (non-pipelined read/write cycles, burst read/write bus cycles, pipelined read/write bus cycles). Chapter 3 discusses instruction formats, addressing methods, and instruction sets in 16-bit and 32-bit modes. Chapter 4 discusses assembly language program formats, pseudo-instructions, and the assembly language compilation process. Chapter 5 discusses the structure of two-branch program design, multi-branch program design, and loop program design, as well as loop program design methods and multi-loop program design. Chapter 6 discusses the structure of subroutines, parameter passing methods for subroutines, subroutine nesting and recursion, and examples of subroutine design. Chapter 7 discusses macro assembly, repetitive assembly, conditional assembly, and modular program design. Chapter 8 discusses the classification and performance indicators of semiconductor memory, ROM and RAM memory chips, Pentium's memory interface, Pentium's high-speed buffer memory (Cache), and the relationship between secondary Cache and primary Cache.
The book "Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology" is divided into 10 chapters. Chapter 1 mainly introduces virtual memory, Pentium segmentation memory management, and paging memory management. Chapter 2 mainly introduces why interface circuits are used, the general programming structure of I/O interface, the control methods for data transmission between the CPU and peripherals (program query transmission, program interrupt transmission, DMA transmission, I/O processor transmission), DMA controller 8237A and its applications. Chapter 3 mainly discusses the basic concepts of interrupts, interrupt interface circuits, interrupt processing processes, Pentium interrupt mechanisms, real mode interrupt processing processes, protected mode interrupt operations, and programmable interrupt controller 8259A. Chapter 4 mainly discusses the concept and classification of buses, ISA bus, and PCI bus. Chapter 5 discusses programmable parallel input/output interface chips 8255A, application examples of various working modes of 8255A, programmable counter/timer 8253 and its applications in counting and real-time frequency measurement systems. Chapter 6 discusses the model of digital serial communication systems, RS-232-C serial communication interface bus, a brief introduction to universal serial bus USB, programmable serial communication interface chip 8251A, and serial communication system examples. Chapter 7 mainly discusses the hardware structure of real-time microcomputer control systems, sensors, analog-to-digital converters and their applications, digital-to-analog converters and their applications, power switch devices and interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the structure of keyboards, key recognition (row scanning method, row inversion method), microcomputer keyboard interfaces, BIOS keyboard interrupts, and DOS keyboard function calls. Chapter 9 discusses the working principles of CRT displays, the basic principles of black and white character displays, CRT controllers, IBM PC series display systems (MDA adapter, CGA adapter/EGA, VGA adapter), and programming for displays. Chapter 10 discusses the basic principles of data magnetic recording, types of hard disk storage, the distribution of information on hard disks, hard disk drives, hard disk controllers, hard disk interfaces, and disk file access technology (DOS file designation disk access, BIOS disk file access).
During the writing process of this book, Professor Zhang Changhai and Professor Hu Chengquan provided strong support and assistance, for which we are grateful! Due to the limited level of the authors, there may inevitably be errors and inappropriate places in the book. We sincerely welcome criticism and corrections from readers and expert peers.