Social History of China (8 Volumes)

Author: Gong Shuduo
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1996-12-01
Features:
Catalog
Volume 1
Yang Jian replaces Zhou, establishes new policies during the Kaihuang era of Sui, Sui falls, Liang falls, Chen is unified, suppresses rebellions in Jiangnan, Tujue, Sui Emperor Wen, replaces crown prince, Emperor Wen abandons Gao Yao, Yang Guang murders his father, Yang Liang raises an army, opens the Grand Canal, Emperor Yang tours the west, Emperor Yang tours the north, Sui attacks Goguryeo, Emperor Yang's three tours of Jiangdu, Yang Xuan'en rebels against Sui, Wang Bo raises the first banner of rebellion, Wagan army uprising, Dou Jiande uprising, Du Fuwei uprising, Jiangdu coup, Li Yuan establishes the Tang dynasty, Tang pacifies Longyou, Tang pacifies Hexi, Tang pacifies Hedong, Tang pacifies Dongdu, Tang pacifies Hebei, Tang pacifies Jiangling, Tang pacifies Jianghuai, Tang pacifies Shandong, Xuanwu Gate Incident, Tang early policies, Zhenguan era discussions on governance, Emperor Taizong accepts advice from ministers, Emperor Taizong knows people and uses them well, Emperor Taizong enforces laws cautiously, Emperor Taizong values agriculture and cares for the people, compiles the "Shizu Zhi," officials correct historical records, Xuanzang travels west to seek the Dharma,
I. Population quantity, distribution, and development trends
II. Population thought
Section II: Ethnicity
I. Ethnicity issues of figures in the legendary era
II. Ethnicity and ethnic relations in the Xia Dynasty
III. Ethnicity and ethnic relations in the Shang Dynasty
IV. Ethnicity and ethnic relations in the Western Zhou period
V. Ethnicity and ethnic relations in the Spring and Autumn period
VI. Ethnicity and ethnic relations in the Warring States period
Chapter III: Family, Clan, and Community
Section I: Family and Clan
I. The emergence and development of clans
II. Main systems and functions of clans
Section II: Community
I. Primitive settlement forms and clan life
II. Cities and rural areas
III. Cultural regions
Chapter IV: Class and Stratification
Section I: Estimation of class and hierarchy before the Shang Dynasty
Section II: Class and hierarchy structure in the Shang Dynasty
Section III: Class and hierarchy structure in the Western Zhou period
I. Overview of noble stratification
II. Commoners in the Western Zhou period
III. Slaves in the Western Zhou period
Section IV: Transformation of class and hierarchy structure in the Spring and Autumn period
I. Hierarchy status
II. Transformation of nobles
III. Rise of landlords and changes in commoners
IV. Differentiation and rebirth of scholars
Section V: New situation of class and hierarchy structure in the Warring States period
I. Private landlords flourish, and registered households thrive
II. Active artisans and merchants
III. Changes and progress in class relations
Chapter V: Social Life
Section I: Clothing and Diet
I. Clothing
II. Diet
Section II: Residences and Transportation
I. Residences
II. Transportation
Section III: Social Customs and Interactions
I. Marriage and funeral customs
II. Seasonal festivals
III. Court visits and alliances
Chapter VI: Social Control
Section I: Natural order in primitive society and the emergence of coercive social control
I. Clan organization and the emergence of leaders
II. Primitive religion, morality, and customs
III. Tribal alliances and leadership institutions
Section II: Early Xia Dynasty's preliminary formation of class society control system
I. Establishment of royal power
II. "Mang Mang Yu Ji, painted into nine states"
III. "Great battle at Gan, summoning the six ministers"
IV. Xia rites and Yu's laws, round walls
V. "Reward those who obey, praise them at the ancestors' altars"
Section III: Development of social control system in the Shang Dynasty
I. Strengthening of royal power
II. "Yin's hundred vassals" and "Yin's border vassals"
III. "The king makes three selfs: right, middle, left"
IV. "Shang has chaotic governance, and creates Tang's laws"
V. "Yin people respect gods, leading the people to serve gods"
VI. "Son rewards young master with jade"
Section IV: Western Zhou's social control system highlighted by ritual and music civilization
I. "The lord is the Son of Heaven, the vassals are"
II. Clan system and enfeoffment system
III. "West six selfs" and "Chengzhou eight selfs"
IV. Ritual and music system and "Nine Crimes"
V. Respect for virtue and protection of the people
VI. Commissioning system and rewards
Section V: Transformation of social control system in the Spring and Autumn period
I. "Ritual and music campaigns originate from feudal lords"
II. Zheng casts the criminal bell, Jin casts the criminal book
III. Teaching by divine way and loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and trustworthiness
IV. Rewarding based on merit
Section VI: Establishment of new social control system in the Warring States period
I. Bureaucratic politics replaces noble politics, prefecture-county system replaces enfeoffment system
II. Standing army system replaces militia system
III. "Criminals are equal before the law" and "cases are decided by law"
IV. Rewarding based on merit
Chapter VII: Social Security
Section I: Labor Security
I. Settling people's homes, completing people's affairs
II. Generous in giving, moderate in collecting
III. Regulating expenditure according to ritual, using people in time
IV. Diligently sympathizing with people's suffering, increasing the many and benefiting the few
Section II: Social Welfare
I. Orphans, widows, the childless, the disabled, and the sick are all provided for
II. Caring for the elderly, cherishing the young, and supporting the living and burying the dead
III. Using six customs to pacify the people
Section III: Social Relief
I. Prepare for rain before the storm
II. Plan relief during disasters
III. Pacify the people after disasters
Chapter VIII: Social Problems
Section I: Massive natural disasters
Section II: Tyranny of kings and extravagance of nobles
I. The decline of virtue in the Xia Dynasty and the loss of the state
II. Drunkenness and cruelty, "Yin fell because of this"
III. Li King monopolizes, "the Zhou court is in ruins"
IV. Feudal lords act arbitrarily, "people escape public orders"
Section III: Long-term ethnic conflicts
I. "No homes, no families, the reason is the Xiongnu"
II. "The southern barbarians and northern nomads intersect, China is like a thread"
Section IV: Cruel wars of aggression
I. "No righteous wars in the Spring and Autumn period"
II. "Warring States" and the continuous escalation of the scale of wars
Section V: Social pain in the midst of social change
I. Youhu people knew righteousness but not appropriateness
II. The Duke of Zhou restores order, defeats Yin, and occupies Yan
III. "Ritual collapses, music is in ruins" in the Spring and Autumn period and "pursuing profit" in the Warring States period
Chapter IX: Social Beliefs and Social Trends
Section I: Totem belief and ancestor worship
I. Totem belief
II. Ancestor worship
Section II: Worship of heaven gods and the concept of the Mandate of Heaven
I. Worship of heaven gods
II. Concept of the Mandate of Heaven
Section III: Worship of earth gods and mountain-river worship
I. Worship of earth gods
II. Mountain-river worship
Section IV: Humanistic trends and the thoughts of the Hundred Schools of Thought
I. Humanistic trends
II. Thoughts of the Hundred Schools of Thought
Chapter X: Social Change
Section I: Social change during the transition from barbarism to civilization
I. Historical conditions and social background of the transition
II. Changes in social and political structure
III. Eastern model
Section II: Social change between the Shang and Zhou dynasties
I. State forms of Xia and Shang
II. Duke Gong's reforms
III. Influence of ritual and music civilization
Section III: Social change in the Spring and Autumn period
I. Characteristics of the Spring and Autumn period
II. Social change under the hegemony of feudal lords
Section IV: Social change in the Warring States period
I. Reasons for change
II. Social progress in the movement of reforms
Main References