Urban Ecology and Urban Environment

Author: Shen Qingji
Editor-in-Chief: Shen Qin
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2000-05-01
Features:
Content Summary
The first part of the book, "Urban Ecology," is divided into two sections. The first section is an introduction to ecology, including the origin and development of ecology, the living environment and ecological factors of organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. The second section covers the principles of urban ecology, including the origin and development of urban ecology, the composition and characteristics of urban ecosystems, the structure and function of urban ecosystems, the analysis of urban ecosystems, urban ecological planning, urban ecological construction and regulation, and other related content.
The second part, "Urban Environment," is also divided into two sections. The first section is an introduction to the environment, including the basic concepts of the environment, environmental elements and their attributes, environmental functions and characteristics, and environmental issues. The second section focuses on urban environments, covering the composition and characteristics of urban environments, urban environmental effects, urban environmental capacity, urban environmental problems, factors influencing urban environments, urban environmental pollution, comprehensive urban environmental remediation, comprehensive urban environmental quality assessment, and urban environmental planning.
This book is suitable as a teaching material for professionals in urban planning, urban construction, and urban management. It can also serve as a reference for individuals working in urban planning, urban construction, urban management, and related fields. Additionally, it is available for readers who are interested in urban ecological environments and the issues within this field.
Excerpt:
(II) Classification of Ecology
Ecology can be classified into several types based on the different levels of organizational units of its research subjects and the different habitats of organisms. Furthermore, it can also be divided into several types based on its application in natural and social sciences. Generally, fundamental ecology studies different levels of organizational units such as individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Among these, populations, communities, and ecosystems all focus on the study of biological groups, hence they are collectively referred to as group ecology.
1. Individual Ecology (Autecology)
Individual ecology studies the relationship between organisms and their natural environment, exploring the impact of environmental factors on individual organisms and the responses of organisms to their environment. Its basic content is similar to physiological ecology. The natural environment includes abiotic factors (light, temperature, climate, soil) and biotic factors (including organisms of the same and different species).
2. Population Ecology
A population refers to a combination of individuals of the same species within a specific time and region. In nature, a species generally exists in the form of a population, and its relationship with the environment must be explored and analyzed based on the characteristics of the population and its growth patterns. The main content of population ecology includes population density, birth rate, death rate, survival rate, and the growth and regulation of populations.
3. Community Ecology
Community ecology studies biological communities. A community refers to a unified whole formed by the aggregation of various plant, animal, and microbial populations in a specific area, interacting and depending on each other. The main content of community ecology includes the relationship between communities and their environment, the relationships among different populations within the community, the self-regulation and succession of communities, and other related aspects.