Can newborn respiratory distress syndrome be treated?

Patient's question:

Newborn male, difficulty breathing

Doctor's answer:

Refers to progressive pulmonary atelectasis caused by insufficient pulmonary surfactant, which manifests as progressive respiratory distress, cyanosis, expiratory grunting, inspiratory retractions, and respiratory failure shortly after birth.
1. Maintain warmth to ensure body temperature remains between 36-37°C, with a relative humidity of approximately 50% in the incubator. Monitor temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and measure PaO2, PCO2, and pH via non-invasive methods.
2. Frequently clear throat secretions to maintain airway patency.
3. Ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake. For infants unable to breastfeed, administer 1/5 normal saline at a rate of 60-80 ml/(kg/day) on the first day, increasing to 100-120 ml/(kg/day) thereafter, via intravenous infusion. For infants on mechanical ventilation, if the inspired air is already saturated with water vapor, fluid intake should be reduced to 50-60 ml/(kg/day).
4. Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation: Maintain PaO2 between 6.7-9.3 kPa (50-70 mmHg). Excessive PaO2 can lead to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and blindness. An inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) > 0.6 for more than 24 hours may cause pulmonary toxicity, potentially leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease).