Patient's question:
What are the routes of infection for neonatal sepsis?Doctor's answer:
Hello. Neonatal sepsis refers to a systemic infection caused by bacteria invading the bloodstream of newborns, where they proliferate and produce toxins, sometimes also causing migrating abscesses in the body. The causes of neonatal disease are complex. Modern medicine, it is mainly caused by infections with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella, and Group B Streptococcus. The routes of infection include:1. Intrauterine infection. If the mother has an infection during pregnancy (such as sepsis), bacteria can infect the fetus through the placental bloodstream.
2. Intrapartum infection. During prolonged labor, difficult delivery, or premature rupture of membranes, bacteria can ascend from the birth canal into the amniotic cavity. The fetus may develop pneumonia, gastroenteritis, or otitis media by inhaling or swallowing contaminated amniotic fluid, which can further progress to sepsis. Bacteria may also enter the bloodstream directly through unsterile procedures, improper assistance, or resuscitation injuries, especially if there are skin or mucosal abrasions.
3. Postpartum infection. This is the most common route, where bacteria can enter the bloodstream through the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, or urinary tract. The umbilical cord is the most easily accessible entry point for bacteria.