Patient's question:
My younger sister's little nephew is six years old this year. The child initially showed symptoms of calcium deficiency, later developing a white substance in the urine, and had particularly low immunity, frequently catching fevers and colds. After taking him to the hospital for examination, the doctor diagnosed him with nephrotic syndrome.Doctor's answer:
The pediatric field holds differing views on the application of the term "nephrotic syndrome." Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition caused by various factors or etiologies leading to increased glomerular permeability, resulting in the loss of a large amount of protein in the urine. Clinically, it is characterized by the following features: massive proteinuria (qualitative as+++ or more, quantitative as more than 0.1 g/kg/d in children), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin of 5.20 mmol/L in children), and significant edema, forming a clinical syndrome with these common characteristics. It is evident that nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition of pediatric nephrosis, rather than a disease or issue used for the final diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.