Why do premature infants develop retinopathy?

Patient's question:

Left eye: two vessels merge (one is a vein, the other appears to be an artery), the vein is congested and thickened, the artery is relatively thin. The observed retina (in area II) shows no other abnormalities, and there is no obvious anastomosis between arteries and veins.

Doctor's answer:

After dilation of both pupils, the fundus of both eyes showed: The margins of both optic discs were clear, size was normal, color was normal. The course of blood vessels was slightly thinner in the right eye's arteries, and the veins were congested and dilated. In the left eye, two vessels merged (one was a vein, the other appeared to be an artery), the veins were congested and dilated, and the arteries were thinner. In the observed retina (in the II area), no other abnormalities were seen, and there was no obvious anastomosis between arteries and veins. Suspected to be a developmental abnormality of the retinal vessels (both eyes)?

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