Patient's question:
How to nourish the spleen deficiencyDoctor's answer:
1. Simple primary nephrotic syndrome is most common in children and adolescents. The male-to-female ratio is approximately 2:1.(1) Pitting edema is present throughout the body, most notably in the face, lower limbs, and scrotum. Ascites is common, and the general condition is usually good without hypertension.
(2) Urine output is reduced, with proteinuria often ranging from ++ to ++++, with a quantitative value >0.1g/(kg·d). Microscopic examination of urine occasionally shows a small number of red blood cells.
(3) Total plasma protein is lower than normal, with albumin levels decreasing more significantly (<30g/L). Serum protein electrophoresis shows a reduced proportion of albumin and an increased proportion of globulins, with a decrease in r-globulin. Blood cholesterol is significantly elevated (>5.7mmol/L), and serum complement levels are normal.
(4) Renal function is generally normal, but during the edema phase with significant oliguria, transient mild azotemia may occur.
2. Nephrotic syndrome with renal inflammation is most commonly diagnosed in school-aged children, with the following clinical characteristics:
(1) The condition is more common in children over 7 years old, and edema is generally not severe.
(2) Blood pressure may be elevated to varying degrees, often with episodic or persistent hypertension and hematuria.
(3) Serum complement levels may be reduced, and varying degrees of azotemia may be present.
3. Congenital nephrotic syndrome is rare and is usually an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is most commonly diagnosed in newborns or within the first three months of life, with symptoms similar to simple nephrotic syndrome.