What is the reason for solid stools when breastfeeding?

Patient's question:

Symptom Description: Hello! I would like to ask a few questions:
1. The baby is exclusively breastfed, and formula is only given once a day. However, the baby's stool is hard, and the baby's gas is very smelly. Is this due to poor digestion?
2. During feeding, the baby eats very quickly and easily chokes on milk. Even when I press the baby's palate with my finger, the baby still chokes. How can I prevent this?
3. The mother eats 2 walnuts daily. Does this have any effect on the baby?
Medical History and Treatment: Never treated
Desired Help: I want to know if the baby's hard stool and smelly gas are due to poor digestion or the mother's diet. How can I prevent the baby from choking?

Doctor's answer:

Hello! According to your description, the baby may have indigestion, which could be related to the formula or a cold stomach, causing smelly gas. It is recommended to strengthen warmth, wipe the nipple with a warm towel before breastfeeding, and sterilize the teat before feeding with a bottle. After feeding, gently hold the baby upright, pat their back lightly, and wait until they burp before gently placing them back down to prevent choking.
To avoid choking, do not force-feed the baby when they are crying, after they are full, or when they refuse to eat due to illness or other reasons. Pressing the areola with your finger can also be effective. While feeding, always observe the baby's reaction, let them rest at appropriate times, and monitor their mouth, nose, and face for any color changes. If they turn purple, stop feeding immediately.
If you notice milk spilling from the baby's mouth, let them rest. Additionally, after the baby is full, whether or not they burp, hold them upright for 5-10 minutes or elevate the head of the bed (at an angle of about 30-45 degrees) and gently pat their back to help them expel gas.

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