Patient's question:
The baby was diagnosed with bladder exstrophy two days ago, and now the parents are almost desperate. The main symptoms are: the child often has urine leakage on their pants, and it has been confirmed that the baby has a urinary tract infection. The adults initially thought it was due to poor hygiene, but after taking medication for a long time without improvement, they discovered this condition. They are seeking assistance: does frequent urine leakage and urinary tract infection indicate bladder exstrophy? What are the symptoms?Doctor's answer:
The symptoms of bladder exstrophy include: partial scars on the lower abdominal wall of the child, exposed bladder mucosa that appears bright red and abnormally sensitive, prone to bruising and peeling. There may be intermittent urination from slightly protruding bilateral ureteral orifices, wet stains on clothing, accompanied by a urine odor. The skin of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, and inner thighs may develop dermatitis or eczema again. The size of the exstrophic bladder varies greatly. In the early stage, the mucosa of the exstrophic bladder is smooth, but it may develop into villi, polyps, or squamous epithelial metaplasia due to prolonged exposure and mechanical friction. The bladder wall may thicken and harden due to detrusor muscle fibrosis.