What should be checked for pediatric low back pain?

Patient's question:

A child around 5 years old has recently been experiencing frequent leg pain for no apparent reason. What should be checked for pediatric lower back pain?

Doctor's answer:

One of the causes of lower back pain: It is caused by diseases of the spinal bone joints and surrounding soft tissues. Examples include lumbar muscle strain, fibromyalgia, as well as local injuries, bleeding, edema, adhesions, and muscle spasms caused by bruises or sprains.
The second cause of lower back pain: It is caused by spinal cord diseases. Examples include rheumatoid spondylitis, osteophytosis, tuberculous spondylitis, spinal trauma, and lumbar disc herniation. Lower back pain caused by osteophytosis or lumbar disc herniation can be treated with Huang's topical Chinese herbal powder packets.
The third cause of lower back pain: It is caused by diseases of the spinal cord and spinal nerves. Examples include spinal cord compression, acute spinal cord inflammation, nerve root inflammation, spinal cord tumors, and other conditions that lead to lower back pain.
The fourth cause of lower back pain: It is caused by diseases of internal organs. Examples include nephritis, urinary tract infections, urinary tract stones, cholecystitis, gallstones, pancreatitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, endometritis, adnexitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Tumors can also cause lower back and sacral pain, and female patients often experience corresponding gynecological symptoms simultaneously.

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