Patient's question:
How are the standard values for gestational diabetes regulated? Does gestational diabetes have any harmful effects?Doctor's answer:
1. Glucose Screening Test: Randomly consume 50g of glucose and measure the venous blood glucose level 1 hour later. A blood glucose level ≥7.8mmol/L indicates abnormal glucose screening and should be followed by a Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): The diagnostic criteria for pregnancy have not been standardized. Currently, China adopts the 75g glucose OGTT. Diagnostic criteria: After fasting for 8-14 hours, measure fasting blood glucose. Dissolve 75g of glucose in 200-300ml of water and drink it within 5 minutes. Then, draw venous blood at 1 and 2 hours to check plasma glucose levels. The normal values at these three time points are 5.1, 10.0, and 8.5mmol/L, respectively. If one or more of these values exceed the normal range, gestational diabetes can be diagnosed.
3. Fasting blood glucose test: If fasting blood glucose is ≥5.8mmol/L on two or more occasions, gestational diabetes can be diagnosed.
Guidance: High blood glucose significantly increases the risk of macrosomia, as well as the likelihood of dystocia, birth canal injury, and surgical delivery. If diabetic ketoacidosis occurs, it poses a threat not only to the mother but also to the fetus or newborn.