Thirteen Classics (Bilingual Version)

Author: Deng Jingyuan
Publisher:
Publishing Time: Not available
Features: Includes the complete content of the "Four Books and Five Classics" (the "Jing" earliest refers to the general term for Confucian classic books, later also used for Buddhist classics). By name, the "Thirteen Classics" are thirteen books of Confucian classics. They are: the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, the Rites of Zhou, the Book of Rites, the Book of Changes, the Commentaries of Gongyang on the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Commentaries of Zhuangzi on the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Spring and Autumn Annals of Zuozhi, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the Classic of Filial Piety, and the Book of Rites. The Thirteen Classics include the complete content of the Four Books and Five Classics, founded by Confucius, banned by Qin Shi Huang, and later, during the Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars were appointed as doctoral candidates to study classics. Rulers across dynasties highly valued Confucian studies, often with emperors providing annotations and promoting the importance of rituals and filial piety. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the scholar Zhu Xi annotated and compiled them into the Thirteen Classics, which became a mandatory subject for imperial examinations. The development of Confucian studies reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, with scholars like Gu Yanwu advocating "applying Confucian principles to governance," aiming to enrich the nation and strengthen the people. This was a significant period in the development of Confucian studies. All content in this book is presented in both classical and vernacular Chinese, compiled by a team of experts with strong credentials, and accompanied by illustrations, making it a vivid and valuable heirloom for collection.