Special Economic Animal Efficient Breeding Technology

Author: Li Tiestuan / et al.
Editor-in-Chief: He Yingbu
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1999-03-01
Features:
Segment: ③ Also consider the needs of diversified operations and development. (2) Selection of the deer farm site. First, the location of the deer farm should be built away from villages, especially large deer farms should be even farther from villages, but close to power sources and convenient transportation. Special attention should be paid: the deer farm should not be built on the former site of a livestock farm, nor near a livestock product processing plant, nor in places contaminated by cattle and sheep infectious diseases. Areas with complex environments and the presence of epidemics are not suitable for establishing farms. The deer farm should be located in the leeward or side windward direction of the village, which is beneficial to the environmental hygiene of the village. Secondly, the terrain of the deer farm should be chosen based on the region: in plain areas, select high, dry, flat, or slightly sloping southeastern locations; in mountainous areas, build the farm on the south-facing slope of a hill. This allows for rapid drainage, dry ground conditions, sufficient sunlight, and protection from cold winds in winter. When selecting a site, attention should also be paid to the soil quality and water source conditions. The soil should be firm with strong permeability, the water source should be clean, easily accessible, free from pollution, and meet hygiene standards. It is best to use deep well water. Additionally, when establishing the farm, feed sources should be considered. If there is a feed base, it is best. If there is no feed base, the availability and convenience of feed collection should be considered to ensure a year-round supply of feed. In summary, the selection of a site must be combined with local conditions, comprehensively considered and analyzed, without emphasizing one aspect while neglecting another. It is best to occupy as little arable land as possible, avoiding prime land. (3) Planning and layout of the deer farm. Based on the nature of the deer farm's operation, development plans, and the number of deer to be raised, combined with the main wind direction, slope, and feeding hygiene requirements of the site, the various buildings of the deer farm should be reasonably arranged and appropriately divided. Generally speaking, the deer farm should be planned into four zones: production zone, office zone, isolation zone, and living zone.
Production Zone: The core of the deer farm, including deer enclosures, feed processing workshops, warehouses, equipment and medicine rooms, and deer product processing workshops. The production zone should be located in the leeward or side windward direction of the office zone and above the manure field, slightly lower in elevation than the office zone but higher than the manure field. The layout of buildings within the production zone should be arranged with the buck enclosure on the upwind side, the growing-up enclosure in the center, and the doe enclosure on the downwind side. Feed processing rooms and warehouses are often located centrally for convenience. Silage pits should be slightly elevated, both for easy transportation and to avoid groundwater damage. Warehouses should pay attention to fire prevention.
Office Zone: Includes offices, dormitories, canteens, and garages. The office zone should be located in the side windward direction outside the production zone to ensure hygiene and reduce the opportunity for personnel to enter the production zone.
Isolation Zone: Includes agricultural machinery sheds, draft animal sheds, etc. It is generally arranged between the production zone and the office zone, providing both convenience and isolation. The manure field should be located at least 50 meters downwind of the production zone.
Living Zone: Includes residential areas, kindergartens, and small stores. It should be located far away from the production zone and office zone, preferably at least 1,000 meters away.
3. Deer Enclosure Design
The deer enclosure is the main production building of a deer farm, serving to protect the deer herd from cold snow in winter and rain and sun in summer. The enclosure is the only place where the deer herd eats, ruminates, exercises, and rests, and it is directly related to the growth, health, and safety of the herd. Only enclosures with good conditions and meeting requirements can ensure smooth production. Deer are timid and sensitive to any movement, which can trigger quick reactions. To prevent accidents such as escapes, fights, injuries, or broken legs, deer enclosures are often divided into buck enclosures, doe enclosures, growing-up enclosures, kidding enclosures, and sick deer enclosures.