Clinical Nurse Medication Handbook

Author: Zhang Zhenlu, Editor-in-Chief
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2003-07-01
Features: represents the character "cao" (), remove the character "zao" () and replace it with "zhuo" ().
Four. Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs Nitrazepam
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 5mg.
[Main Uses] ① Has calming, sedative, and significant hypnotic effects, with strong anticonvulsant effects. ② Used for sedation, hypnotics, and antiepilepsy.
[Usage Method] ① Oral: For hypnotics, 5–10mg per time, take before bed; for antiepilepsy, 5–30mg/day, divided into 3 doses. Maximum dose: 200mg/day.
[Adverse Reactions] Occasionally headache.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Use with caution in children. ② Avoid alcohol during medication; do not drive vehicles or operate dangerous machinery to prevent accidents. ③ Half the dose for the elderly and frail.
Estazolam
[Other Names] Triazolam
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 1mg.
[Main Uses] ① A highly effective sedative and hypnotic drug, stronger and faster-acting than nitrazepam. Sleep is close to physiological, with low dosage and toxicity. ② Used for grand mal, petit mal epilepsy, and insomnia.
[Usage Method] Oral: For sedation, 1–2mg per time, 3 times/day; for hypnotics, 2–4mg per time, take before bed; for antiepilepsy, 2–4mg per time, 3 times/day; pre-anesthesia administration, 2–4mg per time, 1 hour before surgery.
[Adverse Reactions] Occasionally fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, etc., which may disappear within 1–2 hours.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Use with caution in severe myasthenia gravis and elderly patients. ② Avoid driving vehicles or operating dangerous machinery during medication.
Lmovane
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 7.5mg.
[Main Uses] ① Rapid hypnotic drug. ② Suitable for insomnia caused by various reasons.
[Usage Method] Adults: 7.5mg, take before bed; elderly: starting dose 3.75mg, increase to 7.5mg if necessary; patients with impaired liver function: 3.75mg per time, take before bed.
[Adverse Reactions] Allergic reactions. Occasionally daytime drowsiness, dry mouth, muscle weakness, drunkenness, confusion, headache, and fatigue.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Contraindicated in patients allergic to this drug, those in the compensated stage of respiratory insufficiency, and children under 15. ② Treatment duration should not be too long. ③ Use with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Stilnox
[Other Names] Zolpidem
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 10mg.
[Main Uses] ① Rapid hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. ② Short-term treatment for occasional, temporary, or chronic insomnia.
[Usage Method] Oral: For patients under 65, 1 tablet, take before bed; for patients over 65, half a tablet, take before bed. Daily dose not to exceed 1 tablet. Generally, it is not recommended to extend the medication duration as a hypnotic.
[Adverse Reactions] Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, memory impairment, nightmares, and diarrhea.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Avoid alcohol during medication; do not drive vehicles or operate dangerous machinery. ② Contraindicated in breastfeeding women, pregnant women, and children under 15. Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney damage.
Halciox
[Other Names] Triazolam
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 0.25mg.
[Main Uses] ① Calming, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects. ② Rapid onset of hypnotic effects, reduces awakenings, and increases sleep duration. ③ Inhibits nocturnal gastric acid secretion, especially beneficial for those with ulcers.
[Usage Method] Oral: 0.5–1mg, take before bed.
[Adverse Reactions] 50% of patients experience drowsiness the next day after taking high doses.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Avoid driving vehicles or operating dangerous machinery during medication. ② Use with caution in breastfeeding women, pregnant women, and patients with liver or kidney damage. ③ Contraindicated in children under 15.
Chlorpromazinihydrochloridum
[Other Names] Hypnotic
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 12.5mg, 25mg; Injection: 25mg/2mL, 50mg/2mL.
[Main Uses] ① Strong antiemetic, calming, anticonvulsant, hypothermic, and hypotensive effects. ② Used for vomiting, intractable hiccups, heatstroke, hypertension, pre-anesthesia administration, mental illness, and "artificial hibernation."
[Usage Method] ① Oral: 0.0125–0.1g per time, maximum dose: 0.15g, 0.6g/day. ② Intramuscular injection, intravenous drip: 25–50mg per time, maximum dose: 100mg, 400mg/day.
[Adverse Reactions] Anorexia, constipation, rash, drug fever; severe cases may lead to agranulocytosis, jaundice, orthostatic hypotension; thrombophlebitis may occur during intravenous administration; overdose may cause central nervous system depression.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Contraindicated in agranulocytosis. ② Contraindicated in patients with impaired heart, liver, or kidney function, orthostatic hypotension, significant central nervous system depression, or uremia. ③ Blood and urine routine tests, liver function tests should be conducted during medication. ④ In cases of acute hypotension or hypothermia, provide warmth, blood volume expansion, or dopamine infusion to raise blood pressure; avoid epinephrine. ⑤ Avoid driving vehicles or operating dangerous machinery during medication.
Phenobarbitalum
[Other Names] Luminal
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 30mg; Injection: 100mg.
[Main Uses] ① Inhibits the central nervous system. ② Activates glucuronidase, enhancing the liver's ability to clear bilirubin. ③ Has calming, hypnotic, anticonvulsant effects, prevents grand mal epilepsy, pre-anesthesia administration, and enhances the analgesic effect of antipyretics and analgesics. ④ Used for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
[Usage Method] ① Oral: For sedation and antiepilepsy, adults: 15–30mg per time, 3 times/day; children: 0.5–2mg/kg per time, 3 times/day; for hypnotics, 30–90mg per time, take before bed. ② Intramuscular injection: For sedation, 0.1g per time; for anticonvulsants, 0.1–0.2g per time; repeat every 4–6 hours if necessary.
[Adverse Reactions] ① Morning after administration may cause dizziness and fatigue ("aftereffect"). ② Long-term use may lead to tolerance and addiction. ③ Allergic reactions. ④ Liver and kidney damage.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① When used long-term for epilepsy treatment, gradually reduce and discontinue the dose to prevent seizures or status epilepticus. ② Accumulated toxicity may occur; stop medication for 1–2 days after using for 4–5 days. ③ Injection: Do not mix with acidic drugs. ④ Use with caution in patients with severe liver or kidney impairment.
Dormicum
[Other Names] Midazolam
[Preparation and Specifications] Tablets: 7.5mg; Injection: 15mg/3mL, 5mg/1mL.
[Main Uses] ① A classic benzodiazepine receptor full agonist that fully exerts its sedative, anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects by binding to the receptor. ② Treat various insomnia and sleep rhythm disorders, especially suitable for those with difficulty falling asleep. ③ Pre-anesthesia medication, used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.
[Usage Method] 7.5mg per time, take before bed.
[Adverse Reactions] ① Some patients may experience amnesia for events that occurred within the first 2–3 hours after taking the medication. ② Long-term continuous high-dose use may lead to addiction.
[Clinical Use Precautions] ① Use with caution in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency and poor physical condition; contraindicated in pregnant women. ② Contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, benzodiazepine allergies, pheochromocytoma, or those receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levodopa, ephedrine, or phenethylamine.
Wuling Capsules
[Preparation and Specifications] Capsules: 0.33g.
[Main Uses] ① Promotes sedation and sleep while enhancing memory and cognitive function. Has immune-boosting effects and strong diuretic effects. Supports kidney health, brain health, and calms the mind. ② Used for neurosis with symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency or kidney-spleen deficiency.