Patient's question:
A three-year-old child has loose, white-colored stools. What could be the reason?Doctor's answer:
Hello:(1) Appropriate nutritional supply during dietary therapy is very important for promoting disease recovery, reducing the degree of weight loss and growth stagnation, shortening the recovery time after diarrhea, and preventing malnutrition. After the diarrhea stops, continue to provide a nutrient-rich diet and add one snack daily for two weeks to catch up on normal growth. Children with malnutrition or those in the recovery period of chronic diarrhea may require a longer duration until malnutrition is restored.
(2) Nursing care for infectious diarrhea should focus on disinfection and isolation. Pay attention to symptoms of vomiting, defecation, and urination. Administer water or saline solutions for oral rehydration on schedule and control the speed of intravenous fluid administration. Strengthen eye care to prevent aspiration from vomiting. Turn the patient frequently to prevent secondary pneumonia.
(3) Control of infection:
- Viral gastroenteritis is primarily treated with dietary therapy and supportive care, and antibiotics are not required.
- Non-invasive bacterial acute gastroenteritis is often self-limiting, and supportive therapy alone may lead to recovery. However, antibiotics are still recommended for newborns, infants, weakened children, and severe cases.
- Invasive bacterial gastroenteritis generally requires antibiotic treatment.
1) Escherichia coli: Gentamicin, pipemidic acid, ofloxacin, furazolidone, certain cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, berberine, ampicillin, etc.
2) Campylobacter fetus: Erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, furazolidone, ofloxacin.
3) Yersinia enterocolitica: Gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, cotrimoxazole.
4) Salmonella typhimurium: Ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone.
5) Staphylococcus aureus: Discontinue the original antibiotic and use vancomycin.